{"id":930,"date":"2021-11-11T16:55:00","date_gmt":"2021-11-11T16:55:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cogitateandpercolate.com\/?p=930"},"modified":"2026-06-29T14:06:36","modified_gmt":"2026-06-29T14:06:36","slug":"given-equal-results-instructional-designers-recommend-the-least-expensive-option-or-do-they","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cogitateandpercolate.com\/?p=930","title":{"rendered":"Given equal results, instructional designers recommend the least expensive option. Or do they?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/a\/AVvXsEiezTu94WbWUTEzGOy2LVQ0-wVQ9cdp5n13JyvMCjf12H0195ceqD84hEv6nHeqrfp1GvHkKQ2JKhgN-01P4-rMrKsHtXjol0kyWjFoMB5e4QDsCRig5fY7mOEu2tZhHqzff41kHC2lY1qNcFnruTSacqH5wLu26HcbbTamQazCAkWTqk8XWLiqNEWy=w640-h194\" style=\"margin-left: 1em;margin-right: 1em\"><img decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"425\" data-original-width=\"1400\" height=\"194\" data-src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/a\/AVvXsEiezTu94WbWUTEzGOy2LVQ0-wVQ9cdp5n13JyvMCjf12H0195ceqD84hEv6nHeqrfp1GvHkKQ2JKhgN-01P4-rMrKsHtXjol0kyWjFoMB5e4QDsCRig5fY7mOEu2tZhHqzff41kHC2lY1qNcFnruTSacqH5wLu26HcbbTamQazCAkWTqk8XWLiqNEWy=w640-h194\" width=\"640\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 640px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 640\/194;\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"reader-article-content\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica\">To my regret, I recently deleted this sentence from my soon-to-be published book chapter:<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica\">Instructional<br \/>\n designers are ethically bound, that if all learning outcomes are equal,<br \/>\n to recommend the least expensive, most environmentally sensitive, and<br \/>\nmost socio-culturally aware method.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica\">I was asked to provide references to back up this claim. Hmm&#8230;isn&#8217;t this considered a tenet of instructional design?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica\">Actually, isn&#8217;t this a basic truth about <i>all designers everywhere<\/i>? Part of the job of a designer is to<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica\">A) know all of the options and<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica\">B) know the strengths and weaknesses of those options which naturally leads a designer to<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica\">C)<br \/>\n present the options to their client, highlighting the designer&#8217;s<br \/>\njudgment of BEST choice, even if that best choice is not what the client<br \/>\n is hoping for.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><!--more--><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"slate-resizable-image-embed slate-image-embed__resize-full-width\"><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica\">But this lead to me to stop to really think about this: First, do instructional designers follow <b><i>this<\/i><\/b> prioritization when recommending media:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: helvetica\">least expensive, aka cheapest, most cost effective<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: helvetica\">environmentally sensitive<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: helvetica\">socially just?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica\">I<br \/>\n know the priorities&#8217; positions are open for debate. Is most cost<br \/>\neffective the same as efficient? (Reigeluth would say no.) Should social<br \/>\n justice in a resource be considered equal with cost effective? (The<br \/>\ngeneralized failure of MOOCs says no.) I think a debate is overdue!<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica\">Second,<br \/>\n and more importantly, do instructional designers reach out and engage<br \/>\ntheir own powers in first assessing options and then being the voice of<br \/>\nwisdom in their work situations? <b>I feel more passionate about this second conundrum than the first one.<\/b><u> It is this point that I did write and keep my <\/u><a href=\"https:\/\/edtechbooks.org\/id_highered\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><u>book chapter<\/u><\/a><u> (publishing soon) and I am glad I stood my ground on that.<\/u><\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica\">&#8220;Instructional<br \/>\n designers have the critical role of consulting on media choices for<br \/>\ntheir campuses. IDs can lead the way by advocating, recommending,<br \/>\ndesigning, assessing, and researching learning options.&#8221;<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica\">This<br \/>\n ability is powerful. You&#8217;ll find I&#8217;m first in line to advocate that<br \/>\ncampus administrators should acknowledge that they have consultants <b><i>on staff<\/i><\/b><br \/>\n in the form of instructional designers. After all, if one of the<br \/>\ncharacteristics of wisdom is to hold within one&#8217;s mind simultaneously<br \/>\nconflicting truths, I can&#8217;t think of a better description of a designer!<br \/>\n We often hold many truths (this is good for this, that is good for<br \/>\nthat) and yet it does not bother us that no one media choice will solve<br \/>\nall problems. We are trained and paid to be wise; to recommend and to<br \/>\nhelp with real world messy choice.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><!--more--><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"slate-resizable-image-embed slate-image-embed__resize-full-width\"><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica\">I don&#8217;t have to be stuck in my contemplation. I have over 11,600 instructional designer friends in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/groups\/1526889350715555\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Instructional Designers in Education Facebook group<\/a>; a group that has grown and welcomed discussions of many kinds.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjxjtLlBxe-6R9wzb1SQWHVyEFGHaGkBilneXR0FlnaBsUjg55aLf7qdvQho-7LnjjYcFUQOMOP-tu1xJNBJQR_GCa6baIffB2jw3WYqPHBx39JpkLrCC7jwwWSsKJ8nafS2dAKovvd__2evwfq39UL8MVV8ws1SccrEn63Sn3u9YbQSux-ZIsYOh4rDA0\/w640-h214\/FB%20ID%20in%20Edu%20banner.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: 1em;margin-right: 1em\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Instructional Design in Education Facebook group banner\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"330\" data-original-width=\"990\" height=\"214\" data-src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjxjtLlBxe-6R9wzb1SQWHVyEFGHaGkBilneXR0FlnaBsUjg55aLf7qdvQho-7LnjjYcFUQOMOP-tu1xJNBJQR_GCa6baIffB2jw3WYqPHBx39JpkLrCC7jwwWSsKJ8nafS2dAKovvd__2evwfq39UL8MVV8ws1SccrEn63Sn3u9YbQSux-ZIsYOh4rDA0\/w640-h214\/FB%20ID%20in%20Edu%20banner.jpg\" width=\"640\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 640px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 640\/214;\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<div class=\"slate-resizable-image-embed slate-image-embed__resize-right\"><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica\">Thus, I asked for some wisdom of the crowds.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica\">My concern was: Had they been exposed to this series of ideas<i> (they have the power to recommend and they should engage priorities when doing s0) <\/i>in their ID training?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica\">So I ran an unscientific poll asking this, with the option for respondents to add their own answers, which they did.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjBHp6dYmF7cfgAZFNkSd2Fhm4fjrCy8ykPms9BB2bXadJDa2B3DamDiqnF4AhZl8baIaHUd7AysOCUlvWTBxATaO-aTQRiAuvLibXyP0FzrTFHrx4ucUmrtWQymtOL-1_wjJ3upaophBb-ptL1Osixgk88gDcdSvtxAGkX93v8FhDPZ5opx48Y5Mlz8aI\/w556-h640\/Wisdom%20of%20the%20Crowds%201.png\" style=\"margin-left: 1em;margin-right: 1em\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Capture of Facebook post asking if IDs were taught to recommend cheap, environmentally friendly, and socially just resources. Most answers are no.\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"803\" data-original-width=\"697\" height=\"640\" data-src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjBHp6dYmF7cfgAZFNkSd2Fhm4fjrCy8ykPms9BB2bXadJDa2B3DamDiqnF4AhZl8baIaHUd7AysOCUlvWTBxATaO-aTQRiAuvLibXyP0FzrTFHrx4ucUmrtWQymtOL-1_wjJ3upaophBb-ptL1Osixgk88gDcdSvtxAGkX93v8FhDPZ5opx48Y5Mlz8aI\/w556-h640\/Wisdom%20of%20the%20Crowds%201.png\" width=\"556\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 556px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 556\/640;\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<div class=\"slate-resizable-image-embed slate-image-embed__resize-full-width\"><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica\">Were you taught this as a tenet of instructional design:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica\">Given<br \/>\n that all learning outcomes are equal, you are obligated to recommend<br \/>\nthe learning resource that is: 1) cheapest 2) most environmentally<br \/>\nresponsible 3) socially just.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica\">The results:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: helvetica\">No. 38 votes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: helvetica\">Not even no, never heard of it. What is this choice thing you refer to? (Admittedly, my <i>own<\/i> snarkily-worded choice.) 10 votes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: helvetica\">Most effective for the learners (added choice) 6 votes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: helvetica\">Just cheapest (added choice). 5 votes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: helvetica\">Not<br \/>\n all learning outcomes are equal (added by some person that missed my<br \/>\ntrue point because I made all learning outcomes a given, which means<br \/>\nthey are not up for debate, but hey, discussion is discussion, so fair<br \/>\ngame AND I&#8217;ll take up the debate about learning outcomes later). 4<br \/>\nvotes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: helvetica\">Yes. 1 vote.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica\">I am thankful for the 64 votes and further comments. Much to my dismay, however, 48 votes indicated that they did <u>not<\/u><br \/>\n remember getting exposed to either decision-making powers or the<br \/>\nability to prioritize when making recommendations. There was only one<br \/>\nyes vote.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"slate-resizable-image-embed slate-image-embed__resize-full-width\"><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica\">There<br \/>\n was one comment that reminded me that it was probably somewhere in<br \/>\nMerrill and Reigeluth&#8217;s writing where these concepts appeared. I checked<br \/>\n several Merrill and Reigeluth sources and found that they have indeed<br \/>\nbeen the voices advocating for instructional designers to have an active<br \/>\n role in their own professions self-description. I&#8217;ve picked just a few<br \/>\nhighlights here:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica\">See this gorgeous three page article called <a href=\"http:\/\/moemesto.ru\/oleg_s_m\/file\/14270813\/display\/%C3%90%C2%BF%C3%90%C2%B5%C3%90%C2%B4%C3%90%C2%B0%C3%90%C2%B3%C3%90%C2%BE%C3%90%C2%B3%C3%90%C2%B8%C3%91%E2%80%A1%C3%90%C2%B5%C3%91%20%C3%90%C2%BA%C3%90%C2%B8%C3%90%C2%B9%20%C3%90%C2%B4%C3%90%C2%B8%C3%90%C2%B7%C3%90%C2%B0%C3%90%C2%B9%C3%90%C2%BD.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Reclaiming Instructional Design<\/a> from Merrill, Drake, Lacy, Pratt, and ID\u2082 Research Group from <b>1966<\/b><br \/>\n (!!) within which they make the point that instructional design is a<br \/>\nscience, new designers are streaming into the field (sound familiar<br \/>\n2021?) and instructional design should not be built &#8216;on the sands of<br \/>\nrelativism&#8217;. Ho-ho! Those are fighting words!<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica\">Let&#8217;s add 40 years to this recipe. Reigeluth and Carr-Chellman make a rather great point in 2009 in their book chapter,<b> Instructional Theory for Education in the Information Age<\/b> when they wrote:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica\">&#8220;<i>Our<br \/>\n educational system was designed for a different era&#8211; the industrial<br \/>\nage &#8211; in which standardization and compliance were needed above all<br \/>\nelse&#8221;<\/i> (p. 390).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica\">Further, they go on to argue that technology that allows for customization is needed <i>more <\/i>than technology that supports standardization. They write:<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica\"><i>&#8220;My main reason for asking you to think about a vision for the information age paradigm of education is that <\/i><b><i>we<br \/>\n need instructional theorists to contribute to a common knowledge base<br \/>\nfor the new paradigm, not for the paradigm of a bygone era<\/i><\/b><i>&#8220;<\/i> (p. 398, bold added).<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica\">Think<br \/>\n about that for a second. Are instructional designers designing NOW in<br \/>\n2021 for 2021 educational paradigms?  Or for 2020? Or 2019?  If you said<br \/>\n 2019, you are probably right.  What are we doing? We are designing<br \/>\ninstruction for a bygone era now.  Have we considered that instructional<br \/>\n design needs to change its focus and priorities?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica\">Further by 2013, Reigeluth is practically calling out from the rooftop:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre><span style=\"font-family: helvetica\">\"There is a desperate need for theorists and researchers to generate&nbsp;<\/span><\/pre>\n<pre><span style=\"font-family: helvetica\">and refine a new breed of learning-focused instructional design theories&nbsp;<\/span><\/pre>\n<pre><span style=\"font-family: helvetica\">that help educators and trainers to meet those needs&nbsp;<\/span><\/pre>\n<pre><span style=\"font-family: helvetica\">(i.e. that focus on learning and that foster the development of initiative, teamwork,&nbsp;<\/span><\/pre>\n<pre><span style=\"font-family: helvetica\">thinking skills, and diversity)\" (p. 27).\n<\/span><\/pre>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica\">This does signal to me that instructional design as a profession is ready for a paradigm change.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica\">It<br \/>\n grieves me to think that this group of trained professionals probably<br \/>\nisn&#8217;t using their powers of wisdom because first, someone is forgetting<br \/>\nto remind them (ahem, instructional design schools) and someone else<br \/>\n(ahem, campus human resource departments) isn&#8217;t writing that wisdom into<br \/>\nthe job description or minimum salary (how much does a campus pay a<br \/>\nconsultant versus how does a campus pay &#8220;staff&#8221;).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica\">Why am I getting<br \/>\n so all worked up about this? We&#8217;re on the edge of discovering&#8211; as a<br \/>\nplanet&#8211; that many technologically-facilitated forms of learning and<br \/>\nworking are equal in terms of results. So <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chronicle.com\/newsletter\/teaching\/2021-05-27\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">the online option is now looking better than the on-campus one<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: helvetica\">Calls<br \/>\n for learning approaches and media that are environmentally-sensitive<br \/>\nfollow lock-step with the movement now for remote work choices (i.e. an<br \/>\nonline science chemistry course requires less chemicals to worry about<br \/>\ndisposing of after a lab. It is simply put, more environmentally<br \/>\nsensitive. Ditto virtual anatomy dissections. Ditto expensive hard copy<br \/>\ntextbook revisions&#8230;).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: helvetica\">Calls for opting for socially-just<br \/>\nlearning approaches and media (US history textbooks that spend more time<br \/>\n on the economic causes of slavery than on the human cost) are long<br \/>\noverdue. Ditto respect for women when selecting learning<br \/>\nresources\/methods. Ditto respect for indigenous populations. Ditto for<br \/>\nincorporation of the viewpoint of minorities. Ditto for eliminating<br \/>\nageism. Ditto&#8230;ditto.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica\">Time to get to work, instructional<br \/>\ndesign theorists, both those in the field and those that fight for the<br \/>\nprofession. It&#8217;s a new age now.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica\">I now write my sentence un-apologetically and with conviction.<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica\">Instructional<br \/>\n designers are ethically bound, that if all learning outcomes are equal,<br \/>\n to recommend the least expensive, most environmentally sensitive, and<br \/>\nmost socio-culturally aware method.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<div class=\"slate-resizable-image-embed slate-image-embed__resize-full-width\"><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica\">P.S.<br \/>\n perhaps you are wondering about that given, &#8220;all learning outcomes<br \/>\nequal&#8221;. I have many strong things to say about that, specifically in<br \/>\nsupport of technology and VR-based education. <i>But that&#8217;s for a future article.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica\"><br \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica\">Merrill, M. D., Drake, L., Lacy, M. J., Pratt, J., &amp; ID\u2082 Research Group. (1996). Reclaiming instructional design. <i>Educational Technology<\/i>, 5-7. <a href=\"http:\/\/moemesto.ru\/oleg_s_m\/file\/14270813\/display\/%C3%90%C2%BF%C3%90%C2%B5%C3%90%C2%B4%C3%90%C2%B0%C3%90%C2%B3%C3%90%C2%BE%C3%90%C2%B3%C3%90%C2%B8%C3%91%E2%80%A1%C3%90%C2%B5%C3%91%20%C3%90%C2%BA%C3%90%C2%B8%C3%90%C2%B9%20%C3%90%C2%B4%C3%90%C2%B8%C3%90%C2%B7%C3%90%C2%B0%C3%90%C2%B9%C3%90%C2%BD.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/moemesto.ru\/oleg_s_m\/file\/14270813\/display\/%C3%90%C2%BF%C3%90%C2%B5%C3%90%C2%B4%C3%90%C2%B0%C3%90%C2%B3%C3%90%C2%BE%C3%90%C2%B3%C3%90%C2%B8%C3%91%E2%80%A1%C3%90%C2%B5%C3%91%20%C3%90%C2%BA%C3%90%C2%B8%C3%90%C2%B9%20%C3%90%C2%B4%C3%90%C2%B8%C3%90%C2%B7%C3%90%C2%B0%C3%90%C2%B9%C3%90%C2%BD.pdf<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica\">Reigeluth, C.M. &amp; Carr-Chellman, A.A. (Eds.). (2009.) Instructional-design theories and models. (Vol. 3, pp. 387-399).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica\">Reigeluth, C. M. (2013). <i>Instructional-design theories and models: A new paradigm of instructional theory, Volume II<\/i>. Routledge.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica\">#LearningOutcomes #InstructionalDesign #design #designers #professionals #priorities #OnlineEducation<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica\">This article originally posted to LinkedIn on July 6, 2021. Edited to re-add images on February 21, 2026.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/a\/AVvXsEiezTu94WbWUTEzGOy2LVQ0-wVQ9cdp5n13JyvMCjf12H0195ceqD84hEv6nHeqrfp1GvHkKQ2JKhgN-01P4-rMrKsHtXjol0kyWjFoMB5e4QDsCRig5fY7mOEu2tZhHqzff41kHC2lY1qNcFnruTSacqH5wLu26HcbbTamQazCAkWTqk8XWLiqNEWy=w640-h194\" style=\"margin-left: 1em;margin-right: 1em\"><img decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"425\" data-original-width=\"1400\" height=\"194\" data-src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/a\/AVvXsEiezTu94WbWUTEzGOy2LVQ0-wVQ9cdp5n13JyvMCjf12H0195ceqD84hEv6nHeqrfp1GvHkKQ2JKhgN-01P4-rMrKsHtXjol0kyWjFoMB5e4QDsCRig5fY7mOEu2tZhHqzff41kHC2lY1qNcFnruTSacqH5wLu26HcbbTamQazCAkWTqk8XWLiqNEWy=w640-h194\" width=\"640\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 640px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 640\/194;\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"reader-article-content\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica\">To my regret, I recently deleted this sentence from my soon-to-be published book chapter:<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica\">Instructional<br \/>\n designers are ethically bound, that if all learning outcomes are equal,<br \/>\n to recommend the least expensive, most environmentally sensitive, and<br \/>\nmost socio-culturally aware method.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica\">I was asked to provide references to back up this claim. Hmm&#8230;isn&#8217;t this considered a tenet of instructional design?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica\">Actually, isn&#8217;t this a basic truth about <i>all designers everywhere<\/i>? Part of the job of a designer is to<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica\">A) know all of the options and<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica\">B) know the strengths and weaknesses of those options which naturally leads a designer to<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: helvetica\">C)<br \/>\n present the options to their client, highlighting the designer&#8217;s<br \/>\njudgment of BEST choice, even if that best choice is not what the client<br \/>\n is hoping for.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cogitateandpercolate.com\/?p=930\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &ldquo;Given equal results, instructional designers recommend the least expensive option. Or do they?&rdquo;<\/span>&hellip;<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":931,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[100,144,90,291,379,72,380],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-930","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cost","category-environment","category-facebook","category-id","category-priorities","category-research","category-social-justice","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cogitateandpercolate.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/930","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cogitateandpercolate.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cogitateandpercolate.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cogitateandpercolate.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cogitateandpercolate.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=930"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/cogitateandpercolate.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/930\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":934,"href":"https:\/\/cogitateandpercolate.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/930\/revisions\/934"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cogitateandpercolate.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/931"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cogitateandpercolate.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=930"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cogitateandpercolate.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=930"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cogitateandpercolate.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=930"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}